Police Brutality By Charles Shaw - 1777 Words

Police Brutality Abstract In the 1970’s the American government used the SWAT team in an estimate, few hundred times a year, however, in the recent days, there has been over 40,000 military style raids a year. Looking at the statistics from the National Counter Terrorism Department released in 2011, the number of private US citizens who were killed by terrorists in that year were 17. From a film by Charles Shaw, it is documented that at least 500 innocent Americans lose their lives to police brutality. 5000 have lost their lives since 9/11. The is equal to the number of US soldiers who died in Iraq. The facts raise questions about the effectiveness of police in the society. This is more because, allegations of police misconduct rarely result in convictions. It is, therefore, vital to look at the issue and to find answers to the following questions a) What is the main cause of the police brutality? b) Who are the primary victims of the police brutality, in terms of race, social class, and gender? c) What courses of action are taken against the police who use brutality on citizens? d) What law should be put into place to decrease the number of police brutality cases in future? If the answers to these questions are presented to the US government, changes are likely to be realized by the private citizen. Introduction On November 2014, a St. Louis County grand jury decided that a police officer, Darren Wilson, would not face trial for shooting and killing an unarmedShow MoreRelatedReasons For The Civil Rights Movement1436 Words   |  6 Pageslevel. During that time African Americans were mistreated and fought for their equality. Who was involved in the civil rights movement in Buffalo? One person involved was Charles Hamilton Houston and he was Brown’s lawyer in the supreme court case Brown v. Board of Education. He desired and fought for equal education. Charles was among those who surveyed American society and saw racial inequality and the ruling powers that promoted racism to divide black workers from white workers. Another personRead MoreThe Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)1699 Words   |  7 Pagesenvisioned. SNCC’s disorganization came from its origin as a youth run committee with multiple focuses. In April 1960, Ella Baker, executive director of SCLC, invited many African-American student leaders of the recent lunchcounter Sit-ins to meet at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. By bringing together the front-runners of the movement, Baker planned to help organize, and unite the Sit-in movement. One of Baker’s strongest messages to the youth leaders was to avoid assimilating into theRead MoreThe Controversy Of Graham Gained National Fame After A Video Surfaced2608 Words   |  11 Pagesin the Baltimore protest-turned-riots that arose after Freddie Gray died from a broken spinal cord that may have resulted while in police custody (Levs et al.). Protests began after Gray’s death by people who felt that this situation was one of many that indicated widespread police brutality. When Graham saw her son holding a brick presumably to then throw at police along with other rioters, she became very upset and ran after him, hitting him and yelling for him to â€Å"go home†(Levs et al.). GrahamRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesus a very good reason to believe that the uncle is dead but gives only a very weak reason about the cause of death. Maybe the uncle did drugs but got hit by a truck. So, answer (a) is best. (The best information would be the coroners report or a police report on what caused the death, but you don’t have that information to use.) 13 hints on this topic. One hint is to avoid accepting inconsistencies; they are a sign of error. We made use of this logical-reasoning principle when we noticedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pageswhen she returned to her native country of Burma to visit her sick mother. That visit occurred during a time of considerable political unrest in Burma. Riot police had recently shot to death hundreds of demonstrators in the capital city of Rangoon (the demonstrators had been protesting government repression!). Over the next several months, police killed nearly 3,000 people who had been protesting government policies. When hundreds of thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators staged a protest rally at

My Thoughts On My Future - 1222 Words

Over the years we have many experiences that mold us into the person we are. Twenty years have gone by, and the most valuable thing life has taught me is that my fears will set me free. I must follow my fears, and be determined to face them. Facing my fears benefits me because most of the time my fears are the reason my dreams get stalled. With the right mindset, I began to see my dreams unfold and my happiness increase tremendously. I was scared that I would live a mediocre life, that is I would graduate from college, attend the same university all my high school classmates attend, and continue to experience the same old Missouri life I was used to. That is what some people want, but I have always wanted more. I dreamt of experience, people who are full of life, and a new environment that I could benefit from. Although contradicting this was my fear to leave the people and places I had known my whole life. As I continued to push my fear to the back of my mind, I took it upon myself to take the first step. I applied to twenty universities out of state. As my acceptance letters rolled in, I felt a knot in my stomach, thinking about how much things were going to change. My financial situation made my college decision almost impossible, but I still knew I wanted to find a way to fulfill the potential inside of me that was ready to bloom. I craved the change that I feared, so I packed my bags, and drove to California. I started my journey after high school inShow MoreRelatedHow I Could Evaluate My Own Experience1458 Words   |  6 Pagesexpose critically how I could evaluate my own experience in relation to the theories and idea about Leadership. As such as how this lectures and insights change my person notion about Leadership and how I could amplify my knowledge about this subject. Also the most important in this reflection is to present the importance of Leadership in my future experience. I have chosen four topics I though was more relevant to develop my person reflections connecting with my experience and to why comprehend theseRead MoreMy Thoughts On The Death Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald860 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I can t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.†- Jimmy Dean. The only fault that remains in this quote is quite clear: â€Å"are my sails leading me to a destiny of stability or destruction every time a crossroad is encountered?† While revealing my past mistakes throughout my journey, I had uncovered a possible crossroad that may have changed my life forever. The memories were unexpectedly clear up until this day; it had seemed as if it happened yesterdayRead MoreI Got Knocked down but I Got up Again641 Words   |  3 PagesThere was once a day in my life that was colder than ice cubes and more serious than a broken heart. July 7,2009, was the day when my whole world wou ld turn upside down. My parents went from thoughts, to threats, and then to a final decision. This decision was either going to make me or break me in my upcomming future. This future consited of me living in Florida with my Aunt Jocelyne for a better path of life and education. I was brought up by strategically strict parents because of how they wereRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s A Wood, And I- / That Has Made All The Difference ``1407 Words   |  6 Pagesto my life, why? Because one day I was at home, thinking about my future, when suddenly started to think to study abroad, maybe a dream for many Brazilians, but few have the opportunities to do, and I, I could go, I took the one less traveled by. The chance to study at a University abroad started one year ago, when my boyfriend came to the United States to play tennis. I love him and I thought that if I will there, I could have a life with him and I could open big opportunities for my future tooRead More Poetry Explication Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Explication Language is a remarkable thing. It can convey every thought, feeling, and emotion with perfect accuracy. Almost exclusively, language has taken awkward, unfit animals out of nature and made them rulers over the earth and many of its elements. When used well, it has the power to change an individuals view of the world, make someone believe they have seen something they have not, and even more astonishingly, look inside ones self and see what exists. If language is mixedRead MoreI Can t Believe How Fast Time Flies !934 Words   |  4 Pagesme establish my identity in the nursing profession. In addition, I learned selected basic skills in this class that will help me function as a nurse in my future clinical practice. 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Middle Eastern Views of Mental Illness Free Essays

There are many countries that are considered to be countries of the Middle East. Some of these include Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Yemen, and Isreal, just to name a few. Many of these countries have things in common, such as belief in Islam, use of the Arabic language, connections through the Arab League, historical ties, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Eastern Views of Mental Illness or any similar topic only for you Order Now The different countries form a chain of countries that are linked by culture and religion on the one hand and yet vary greatly in terms of dialect and history on the other. The Arabic language is a large common denominator between these countries; however, dialects can be so different from each other to a point where a person from Syria can hardly communicate with a person from Algeria. (1) Most landscape in the Middle East is either occupied by harsh desert conditions or mountains. This has made its people very tough in terms of living conditions. Lebanon, parts of Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq have mountainous areas while most of the other countries are flat and extremely arid. Those living in the desert traditionally used to move around in a perennial search for water, which resulted in unique eating behaviors and homes. A typical Arab house in the desert is built out of mud and has little furniture. The food is basic with little processing. However, in the mountains of Lebanon, Syria or Turkey one will encounter strong homes with heavy stones and arches that can last for generations. In addition, food in these areas is usually produced during summertime and stored in cellars for use when nature does not allow them to go out and work their snow covered fields. 1) Religions play a big role in the dynamics of the Middle Eastern society. They are considered to be one of the main pillars of the society and individuals are stereotyped based on religion. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are the main religions practiced in the middle-east and people who practice these faiths only surround themselves with people of the same faith. Daily life is practiced on the ba sis of ones religion and others are expected to respect that. 1) The present day Middle East is a mixture of very old cultures and very young nations that were organized by European colonial powers after the defeat of the Central Powers which led to the end of World War One and fall of the Ottoman Empire. The culture of the Middle East is thus understood only by learning about the history of the region and the forces that have influenced the growth and demise of controlling powers. Since World War One, colonial countries such as France, Great Britain, and The United States have ignificantly influenced the Middle East. (1) Keeping in mind this very generalized description of the Middle Eastern culture we can now begin to look at the beliefs in terms of mental illness. In my research it is safe to say that most all opinions by middle easterners are based off of their religious beliefs. According to the SRA (Stigma Research and Action) people from non-Western cultures tend to attribute the cause of mental illness more frequently to the afflicted i ndividual. It is possible that discrimination against the mentally ill differs in an Islamic culture where mental illnesses and other ailments are, to some extent, considered to be due to the will of God, rather than evil forces, bad behavior, or other personally devaluating factors. According to the holy Koran, people with a mental disorder should be treated with respect, and this might result in a less stigmatizing attitude. Such a perception of causality would also reasonably apply to the individual, and might be a factor that reduces self-blame. One must bear one’s predicament and wait for the mercy of God! A study was done by SRA researchers and participants were asked a series of open-ended questions. Responses indicated feelings of alienation, sharing stereotypes about the mentally ill, experiences of discrimination, social withdrawal, and resistance to being stigmatized and discriminated against. For example, responses included: Yes, they discriminate against us; They don’t count on us; Our society has no capacity for us; I mean there is no cultural understanding in our society; They ridicule, insult and harm us; I wish they could understand that psychiatric patients are like other patients, like patients with cancer or cardiac disease and that they can live their lives. A recurring theme was the idea of the mentally ill as dangerous and aggressive: They all believe a mentally ill patient is a natural born killer and that’s why I try to keep myself to myself and not even claim what I’m entitled to; When the police came they were acting as if I was a criminal, but they ought to know that I’m a patient, not a criminal. (2) The International Journal of Mental health Systems has thoroughly researched the country of Iraq in terms of their views on Mental illness. According to their research public attitudes towards mental illness in Iraq has shown that community opinion about the aetiology of mental illness is broadly compatible with scientific evidence, but understanding of the nature of mental illness, its implications for social participation and management remains negative in general. (3) As nurses we have to remain unbiased, and educational towards our patients and their families. When faced with a patient with a mental illness whom is Middle eastern we need to stay mindful of the fact that they probably believe that they were afflicted by their God in some way, or in some way they deserved to be born with this illness. We need to simply educate them on the importance of medication Therapy and safety. We should treat all of our patients the same no matter what their cultural beliefs are and we should always treat each patient with respect. Active listening is an important skill to master as a nurse with all patients but with Middle Eastern patients especially it is a sign of respect to listen to them first, and allow them to finish completely prior to speaking. Giving this level of respect to all patients all the time will ensure that as nurses we never offend, and that we give the best quality care. How to cite Middle Eastern Views of Mental Illness, Papers

Masters of Health Science for Heart Disease- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMasters of Health Sciencefor Coronary Heart Disease. Answer: Overview Rastogi et al., (2004) conducted a hospital based case control study to investigate the association between physical exercise, non-work sedentary lifestyle (such as watching television for greater than 3.6 hours per day) and the coronary heart disease (CHD) in India. The exposure includes leisure-time exercise, which may involve 36 minutes of brisk walking. The outcome is the low risk of CHD due to leisure-time exercise and positive association between sedentary lifestyle and risk of coronary heart disease. The study population is the patient represented in the eligible cases belongs to the age range 21-74 years. The inclusion criteria for the patients was diagnosis of incident acute myocardial infarction and in one of the 8 hospitals in urban hospitals in Bangalore and New Delhi between 1999-2000. For the study purpose data was collected from 350 cases of acute myocardial infarction. The controls comprise of 700 and were matched on gender, age, and hospital in Bangalore and New Delhi. The data collection instrument used was interview that lasted for 25 minutes. To control for the matching as well as other risk factors conditional logistic regression was used (Rastogi et al., 2004). The study findings showed that when compared with 38 % of the cases, 48% of the controls participated in some form of exercise in leisure time. In the analysis where sex and age was adjusted, the highest level of leisure time exercisers had a relative risk of 0.45 in comparison to the non-exercisers. These findings of relative risk at 95% confidence interval had value: 0.31, 0.66. The participants with high level of leisure time exercise had greter than 145 metabolic equivalents minutes per day which is equivalent to brisk walking for 36 minutes per day. The findings from the multivariate adjustment showed no alteration in the association for other risk factors. The findings showed that an elevated risk of coronary heart disease had positive association with the non-work sedentary activities. In these participants, the elevated risk of 1.88 in multivariate analysis was observed when compared to sedentary activities of less than 70 minutes per day (Rastogi et al., 2004). These finding s conclude that indulging in leisure time exercise was protective for risk of coronary heart disease, which may include as brisk walking of 35-40 minutes per day. Non-Casual Explanation of the Exposure and Outcome In the case control study the impact of the regular physical activity, sedentary activity on the patients with acute myocardial infarction was assessed. In the 350 cases matched to the 700 controls, each case chosen for trial is was compared to two consecutive controls. Those engaged in physical activity showed risk of CHD when compared to those engaged in sedentary activity. The exposure and the outcome may not be having any non-casual relationship. However, the outcome and the intensity may be effected by some confounding factors. In any qualitative study, measurement bias is common to be present (Szklo Nieto, 2014). In this study, the measurement bias is not completely eliminated by the author. The study measures the exposure at different levels. In this case it is the duration of physical activity which means that the leisure time for exercise for each participant may be different. There is a significant risk of measurement bias when a particular variable is measured on different level that consequently effects the outcome (Yin, 2013). The outcome of the study is likely to be effected by the confounders in case control study design (Dimaggio, 2013). In this study, the author has only emphasised on the physical activity such as leisure time exercise or physical activity that may be equivalent to 36 minutes of brisk walking. The researcher have adjusted the result for gender, age, and hospital in Bangalore and New Delhi. However, while studying the impact of the exposure on the coronary heart disease risk the author did not emphasise on the confounding factors such as dietary habits, smoking, and other similar activities. For instance, it may happen that a patient of acute myocardial infarction engaging in brisk walking or any other leisure time exercise may simultaneously engage in eating high calorie or fat rich food. It will consequently affect the outcome, as these are substantial risk factors of CHD. These confounders have the risk of introducing bias and where standardised to some extent in the process of data analysis. The author did not consider the genetic factors or lifestyle factors previously present in the patients of acute myocardial infarction. The results are likely to be effected by the selection of the control and different recall among cases. The selection of the participants based on hospital instead of the population based can introduce bias. It may be due to the biased view of the incidence of CHD in a hospital when compared to the selection based on entire population. The selection of the control and the cases exclusively from the hospital. The controls were suspected to have CHD but may also have other diseases. Therefore, they may have different characteristics when compared to the cases of acute myocardial infarction. The controls may engage in health promoting activity such as change in diet and lifestyle choices. Chance variation refers to difference in the expected and the observed outcome in the research study (Szklo Neto, 2014). The paper Rastogi et al., (2004) tested the hypothesis that engaging in leisure time exercise when compared to the non-work sedentary activities reduces the risk of CHD in the patients with acute myocardial infarction. In the analysis where sex and age was adjusted, the highest level of leisure time exercisers had a relative risk of 0.45 in comparison to the non-exercisers. These findings of relative risk at 95% confidence interval had value: 0.31, 0.66. The participants with high level of leisure time exercise had greter than 145 metabolic equivalents minutes per day which is equivalent to brisk walking for 36 minutes per day. Since the results were statistically significant, the hypothesis was proved. Hence, there is low risk of chance variation. If the author would have controlled more variables instead of gender and age the risk of chance variation may have be en eliminated (Szklo Nieto, 2014). Analysing Exposure and Outcome There is a temporal relationship between the exposure and outcome as the exposure precedes after the development of the disease (Yin, 2013). The exposure is given after the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, the exposure influences the risk of development of the coronary heart disease. With the help of intervention say leisure time exercise the changes in the heart rate and cardiac output, changes in the blood pressure, increase in the insulin sensitivity in the can be monitored which helps establish a relationship between the exposure and outcome (Rastogi et al. 2004). In this study, a strong relationship between the exposure and outcome was found. As obtained from the data analysis, the exposure has reduced the risk of concerned outcome. In case patients with acute myocardial infarction participated in the leisure, exercise showed decreased risk of CHD. On the other hand, the participants engaged in non-work sedentary activities where found with increased risk of CHD. The study findings showed that when compared with 38 % of the cases, 48% of the controls participated in some form of exercise in leisure time. In the analysis where sex and age was adjusted, the highest level of leisure time exercisers had a relative risk of 0.45 in comparison to the non-exercisers. The participants with high level of leisure time exercise had greter than 145 metabolic equivalents minutes per day which is equivalent to brisk walking for 36 minutes per day. The findings showed that an elevated risk of coronary heart disease had positive association with the non-work sedentary activities. In these participants, the elevated risk of 1.88 in multivariate analysis was observed when compared to sedentary activities of less than 70 minutes per day (Rastogi et al., 2004). It is this difference in the outcome between the case study subject and the control indicates strong relationship between the exposure and outcome. When different level of exposure regulates the outcome, it is referred to dose respondent relationship (Calvo et al., 2016). In research, involving human subjects the outcome generated can be influenced by multiple factors. To minimise the bias introduced by the confounding factors, the leisure time exposure and its effect on reduction of risk of CHD were assessed at different durations. For instance, 10 minutes of brisk walking may not have effect similar to 30 minutes of brisk walking and its consequent impact on risk of CHD. Similarly, the sedentary activities of more than 70 minutes a day have more risk of CHD then low level of sedentary activities. These findings of relative risk at 95% confidence interval had value: 0.31, 0.66 (Rastogi et al., 2004). This is clearly indicative of dose response relationship. It can be concluded from the data analysis and the discussion supported with relevant literature that the study results were consistent in terms of the exposure and the outcomes. In the case study population there was no reduction in the risk of CHD due to leisure time exercise. With the increase in the time of participation in physical activity, the participants showed low risk of CHD. Hence, in this study there is an inverse relationship between the exposure and outcome. Therefore, the results are consistent within the study (Rastogi et al., 2004). The study findings were supported with relevant literature and other specific findings pertaining to the chosen area. The reduction in the risk of CHD due to leisure time exercise that is equivalent to 36 minutes of brisk walking was compared to the large prospective study of US women where the results showed that brisk walking for more than 3 hours a week reduces the risk of CHD by 30-40%. Similar results were obtained with large prospective study of US men by Manson et al. in the year 1999 (Rastogi et al., 2004). The results of this case control study is also consistent with the data from Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease study conducted Eaton et al. in the year 1995 (Rastogi et al., 2004). This Israel based study indicated that among middle-age men leisure-time exercise (except for work related activity), significantly reduces the risk for CHD and all cause mortality. These findings were statistically significant in regards to the inverse relationship deduced (Rastogi et al., 2004). The research by Gielen et al., (2015) who also worked on same hypothesis as Rastogi et al., (2004) indicated improvement in metabolic functions of the body due to physical exercise and reduction in the risk of heart attack. This study explained the data more on molecular level instead of the exposure- outcome relationship. In the research article by Lee et al. (2014) the positive effect of the leisure time running on CHD were clearly demonstrated. The results were similar to Rastogi et al., 2004. The running intervention was evaluated for 5 to 10 minutes of running at 6 mile per hour speed and found to reduce mortality due to CHD. However, this study design was quite different from that of Rastogi et al., 2004. In conclusion the study findings are consistent with the evidence from studies of similar study design cited in this study and more powerful study design not cited in this study. Further, the author explained the benefits of the physical activity that facilitates reduction of CHD risk such as improved endothelial function, elevation in high-density lipoprotein levels, lowering of blood pressure, improved endothelial function, reduced atherogenic cytokine production and increased insulin sensitivity. These explanation was supported by relevant literature (3 studies) pertaining to the area and other study with similar research design, exposure and outcomes. These explanation was also cited by similar other research conducted by Calvo et al. (2016) who conducted a prospective case control study to investigate the emerging risk factors and the doseresponse relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation. Therefore, this result is plausible in term of a biological mechanism. Validity of the Results The findings are valid for population diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and susceptible to CHD. The findings are not generalisable. The selected participants in the study were already diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. The study can be executed with people diagnosed with different heart disorders and severity where the inverse relationship between exposure and the outcome deduced by Rastogi et al., 2004 couldnt be applied to the source population from where the study population was derived. It cannot be generalised because in order to do so same exposure should be given to different population in different setting and must receive same outcome (Yin, 2013). Same exposure and outcome relationship may not be obtained if the participants are not having history of acute myocardial infarction. Similarly, the study findings are not applicable if the participants have other health disorders in addition to the myocardial infarction. The case and the control were exclusively selected from the hospital in Bangalore and New Delhi. The characteristics of the hospital patients may differ from the general population. The change in the research setting may alter the results completely. Moreover, the study is also not applicable to other relevant participants who are younger or older than the participants chosen by Rastogi et al., (2004). It can be applicable only if the characteristics of partciopants in this study is similar to other relevant population. However, it can be generalisable if the participants are chosen from the population-based study instead of the hospital-based study. References Calvo, N., Ramos, P., Montserrat, S., Guasch, E., Coll-Vinent, B., Domenech, M., ... Falces, C. (2016). Emerging risk factors and the doseresponse relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective casecontrol study. EP Europace, 18(1), 57-63. Dimaggio, C. (2013). Introduction. In SAS for Epidemiologists (pp. 1-5). Springer New York. Gielen, S., Laughlin, M. H., OConner, C., Duncker, D. J. (2015). Exercise training in patients with heart disease: review of beneficial effects and clinical recommendations.Progress in cardiovascular diseases,57(4), 347-355. Lee, D. C., Pate, R. R., Lavie, C. J., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Blair, S. N. (2014). Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,64(5), 472-481. Rastogi, T., Vaz, M., Spiegelman, D., Reddy, K. S., Bharathi, A. V., Stampfer, M. J., ... Ascherio, A. (2004). Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease in India.International journal of epidemiology,33(4), 759-767. Szklo, M., Nieto, J. (2014). Epidemiology. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.